Back to Blog
Electronics & Batteries
January 22, 2025
14 min read

Electronics Digital Product Passport: Battery & Repairability Requirements for 2027-2029

If you sell electronics, batteries, or consumer tech products to EU customers, prepare for phased DPP implementation starting February 2027. Battery passports hit first, followed by repairability and full electronics DPP requirements. Here's your complete compliance guide.

2027 Battery Deadline2028-2029 ElectronicsComplianceShopify

Why Electronics Merchants Need to Act Now

February 18, 2027 marks the first mandatory Digital Product Passport requirement under EU regulations: battery passports for electric vehicles, e-bikes, and industrial batteries. This is followed by repairability requirements in 2027 and full electronics DPP implementation in 2028-2029. If you sell any battery-powered products, your deadline is approaching fast.

What You'll Learn

  • Battery passport requirements starting February 18, 2027
  • Repairability scores and spare parts documentation (2027)
  • General electronics DPP requirements (2028-2029)
  • Step-by-step compliance checklist for electronics merchants

Timeline: Phased Electronics DPP Implementation

Unlike textiles which have a single implementation date, electronics face a phased rollout starting with batteries in early 2027 and expanding to all electronics by 2029. Here's the official timeline:

February 18, 2027Battery Passports Become Mandatory

First mandatory DPP requirement under EU Battery Regulation. Applies to:

  • Electric vehicle (EV) batteries: All EV batteries placed on the market
  • Light electric transport (LMT) batteries: E-bikes, e-scooters, electric skateboards
  • Industrial batteries >2kWh: Energy storage systems, commercial battery packs

Critical: This is a hard deadline. Products without battery passports cannot be sold in the EU after February 18, 2027. No transition period exceptions.

2027Repairability Requirements for Electronics

Repairability rules for electronics are introduced in 2027 under ESPR, including:

  • Repairability scores: Standardized scoring system for product repair ease
  • Spare parts availability: Minimum 5-7 year availability requirements for key components
  • Repair manuals: Public availability of disassembly and repair instructions
2028-2029Full Electronics DPP Implementation

General electronics and ICT products enter full DPP scope with comprehensive requirements:

  • Material composition: Complete disclosure of materials, including critical raw materials
  • Environmental impact: Carbon footprint, energy efficiency, recyclability metrics
  • Supply chain traceability: Manufacturer details, component sourcing, certifications
  • End-of-life guidance: Recycling information, take-back programs, disposal instructions

Battery Passport Requirements (February 2027)

Battery passports are the first mandatory DPP requirement. Under the EU Battery Regulation, each battery must have a digital passport accessible via QR code or NFC containing comprehensive battery-specific data.

1. Battery Identification & Traceability

Required Information:

  • Unique battery identifier: Serial number or digital ID for each individual battery
  • Manufacturer information: Company name, location, manufacturing date and facility
  • Battery category: Classification (EV, LMT, industrial, portable, etc.)
  • Capacity and power: Rated capacity (kWh), power output, voltage specifications
2. Battery Composition & Materials

Material Disclosure:

  • Chemistry type: Lithium-ion, lithium-polymer, NiMH, lead-acid, etc.
  • Critical raw materials: Cobalt, lithium, nickel content by weight percentage
  • Recycled content: Percentage of recycled materials used in production
  • Hazardous substances: Disclosure per REACH regulation requirements
3. Performance & Lifecycle Data

Performance Metrics:

  • Expected lifetime: Estimated cycles, years of operation, warranty information
  • State of health (SOH): Current battery health vs. original capacity
  • Carbon footprint: kg CO₂e emissions from battery production (cradle-to-gate)
  • Temperature range: Safe operating and storage temperature specifications
4. End-of-Life & Recycling Information

Circular Economy Requirements:

  • Recycling information: How and where to recycle the battery safely
  • Disassembly instructions: Guide for safe battery removal and handling
  • Take-back programs: Information on manufacturer collection services
  • Safety warnings: Handling precautions, fire risks, chemical hazards

Repairability & Spare Parts Requirements (2027)

In 2027, the EU introduces repairability requirements for electronics to promote product longevity and reduce e-waste. These rules apply to smartphones, tablets, laptops, and consumer electronics.

Repairability Scoring System

Products must display a repairability index (0-10 scale) based on:

  • Ease of disassembly (tools required, fastener types, accessibility)
  • Availability of spare parts and pricing transparency
  • Repair documentation quality and public availability
  • Product design considerations (modular components, battery replaceability)
Spare Parts Availability

Minimum availability periods for key components:

Critical Components (7 years)

  • • Batteries
  • • Displays/screens
  • • Charging ports
  • • Main boards

Common Parts (5 years)

  • • Buttons and switches
  • • Cables and adapters
  • • Camera modules
  • • Speakers
Repair Documentation

Public availability required:

  • Step-by-step disassembly guides with photos or diagrams
  • List of required tools and recommended skill level
  • Troubleshooting guides for common issues
  • Spare parts catalog with part numbers and pricing

Step-by-Step Compliance Checklist for Electronics Merchants

Battery merchants: You have under 2 years until February 2027. Start gathering battery data now. For general electronics merchants, use this time to prepare for 2028-2029 deadlines.

1
Identify Which Products Require DPPs
  • Inventory all battery-powered products (Feb 2027 deadline)
  • Identify products subject to repairability requirements (2027)
  • List all electronics in your catalog (2028-2029 deadlines)
2
Collect Battery-Specific Data (Priority)
  • Contact battery manufacturers for composition, capacity, and chemistry data
  • Obtain carbon footprint calculations for battery production
  • Document recycled content percentages with certifications
  • Gather warranty and expected lifetime data
3
Prepare Repairability Documentation
  • Create disassembly guides with photos or video tutorials
  • Calculate repairability scores for your products
  • Establish spare parts inventory and pricing
  • Set up spare parts ordering system for 5-7 year availability
4
Implement DPP Generation System
  • Choose DPP platform (automated solution like GreenPass recommended)
  • Generate unique identifiers for each battery unit
  • Create QR codes or NFC tags for battery passport access
  • Test passport scanning and data display functionality
5
Update Product Labeling & Packaging
  • Add QR codes to battery labels or product packaging
  • Include repairability scores on product labels (where required)
  • Coordinate with suppliers to update packaging before Feb 2027
6
Monitor Regulatory Updates
  • Track EU Battery Regulation implementation guidance
  • Stay updated on repairability scoring methodology
  • Review final electronics DPP delegated acts when published

Automate Electronics DPP with GreenPass

GreenPass DPP helps electronics merchants create compliant battery passports and product DPPs without the manual complexity. Built specifically for Shopify stores.

Battery Passport Ready:

  • Battery-specific templates with all required fields
  • Material composition and chemistry tracking
  • Automatic QR code generation for battery labels

Electronics Features:

  • Repairability score calculator and documentation
  • Spare parts catalog integration
  • Updates automatically as regulations evolve

Join the Waitlist - Lock in €79 Lifetime Access

Be among the first electronics merchants to get GreenPass DPP. Early access members get lifetime access for a one-time payment of €79 (monthly subscription pricing starts later).

✅ Battery passport templates • ✅ Repairability tools • ✅ Priority support

Key Takeaways for Electronics Merchants

  • February 18, 2027 is a hard deadline for battery passports - no exceptions or transition period
  • Repairability requirements (2027) require spare parts availability for 5-7 years
  • Full electronics DPP (2028-2029) includes material composition and environmental data
  • Start battery data collection now - manufacturers need time to provide technical specs
  • Automated solutions save significant time vs manual battery passport creation

Sources & References

• EU Battery Regulation (2023) - Battery passport requirements and timeline

• European Commission ESPR Working Plan (2025) - Electronics category designation

• EU Right to Repair Directive - Repairability scoring and spare parts requirements

• Industry consultations on electronics DPP implementation

• Official EU regulatory documentation and guidance for battery passports

Related Guides

What is the EU Digital Product Passport and Why Your Shopify Store Needs to Prepare Now
Complete overview of DPP regulations, timeline, and requirements for all product categories.
Fashion & Textile DPP Requirements 2027: Complete Compliance Checklist
Essential guide for fashion merchants on material traceability and compliance deadlines.